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Albania’s long pursuit of gas
Gas is unlikely to assume a major role in Albania’s energy mix for years to come, but two priority projects are making headway and helping to establish the sector
California refiners dreaming of heyday
US downstream sector in key state feels the pain of high costs, an environmental squeeze and the effects of broader market trends
Mars attacks US oil industry
Crude quality issues are an often understated risk to energy security, highlighted by problems at a key US refinery
Bleak times for UK North Sea
Government consultations on the windfall tax and the exploration licence ban are positive steps, but it is unclear how long it will take for them to yield tangible outcomes
Waiting for Arctic LNG 2
Without sanctions relief, there is little reason to believe the latest potential attempt at exports from the Russian liquefaction project will be more successful than the one last summer
The death knell for UK energy security
The end of Grangemouth and Lindsey oil refineries marks a worrying trend across Europe amid cost and transition pressures
India to help Asia spearhead global refining
Shifting demand patterns leaves most populous nation primed to become downstream leader as China and the West retreat
US, Russia and China circle the Arctic
The strategic importance of vast untapped oil and gas reserves and key shipping routes has come in from the cold
Azerbaijan enjoys rare upstream FID
BP and partners have reached a $2.9b FID on a new phase at Shah Deniz, but slow progress on other gas projects is attributed to a lack of European support
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Oil refinery in Gdansk, Poland
Refining Albania Azerbaijan Croatia France Georgia Germany Italy Kazakhstan Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Spain Sweden UK Uzbekistan
Lee Nichols,
Vice-president, content,
Gulf Energy Information
4 March 2025
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Hydrocarbon Processing Refining Databook 2025: Europe, Russia & CIS

EU net-zero polices have shifted refining investment among member states, while across the region countries and companies continue to adjust to changes in trade flows caused by the war in Ukraine

Western Europe has enacted several different policies focusing on net-zero ambitions that have resulted in a negative effect on future transport fuels demand. From 2022–23, the region’s refiners saw increased margins due to a rise in throughputs as Western Europe shifted away from refined product imports from Russia—a direct effect of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.   However, the region’s refining margins have declined over the past year, shifting the focus from increased fuels production to talks of widespread capacity closures, with six European refineries having shut operations since 2020. For example, the IEA forecast that 1–1.5m b/d of European refining capacity could close by 2030.  

Also in this section
Albania’s long pursuit of gas
23 July 2025
Gas is unlikely to assume a major role in Albania’s energy mix for years to come, but two priority projects are making headway and helping to establish the sector
Ammonia ambitions to help drive gas demand
22 July 2025
The gas-hungry sector is set for rapid growth, and oil majors and some of the world’s largest LNG firms are investing in ammonia production and export facilities, though much depends on regulatory support
WPC Energy to promote role of women
22 July 2025
Next year’s WPC Energy Congress taking place in April in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia will continue to promote the role of women in the energy sector, with a number of events focusing on the issue.
Energy sector needs stable policy and better communication
22 July 2025
Pedro Miras is the serving President of WPC Energy for the current cycle which will culminate with the 25th WPC Energy Congress in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in April 2026. He has over 30 years of experience in the energy sector, including stints with Repsol and the IEA. Here he talks to Petroleum Economist about the challenges and opportunities the global energy sector currently faces.

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