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China creates two-tier oil dynamic
There is a bifurcation in the global oil market as China’s stockpiling contrasts with reduced inventories elsewhere
California refiners dreaming of heyday
US downstream sector in key state feels the pain of high costs, an environmental squeeze and the effects of broader market trends
Mars attacks US oil industry
Crude quality issues are an often understated risk to energy security, highlighted by problems at a key US refinery
Letter from Austria: OPEC delivers wake-up call
A brutally honest picture about the potential role of oil and gas in 2050 should prompt policymakers to not only reflect but also change course to meet vital energy needs
OPEC+’s extra barrels mostly made of paper
Robust demand and a limited supply of additional physical barrels from key OPEC+ producers has kept the oil market in a healthy price range
The death knell for UK energy security
The end of Grangemouth and Lindsey oil refineries marks a worrying trend across Europe amid cost and transition pressures
Gas pricing finds a new norm
Gas-on-gas competition pricing has grown its share of consumption significantly over the past two decades, primarily at the expense of oil-price-escalation pricing, according to the IGU
Oil demand ramps up air miles
Jet fuel will play crucial role in oil consumption growth even with efficiency gains and environmental curbs, with geopolitical risks highlighting importance of plentiful stocks
Letter from the Middle East: Iran-Israel war risks dire straits
A blockade of the Strait of Hormuz would have reverberations that would sound around the world
IEA and OPEC energy assumptions on fragile ground
Geopolitical uncertainty casts a pall over expectations around demand, supply, investment and spare capacity
Asia-Pacific will be the leader in oil demand growth to 2030
Refining Markets
Lee Nichols,
Vice-president, content,
Gulf Energy Information
5 October 2023
Follow @PetroleumEcon
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Refining Report: Biofuels lead the way

Gasoline and diesel demand set to stagnate but biofuels production due to expand significantly to 2030

Oil consumption rates have been level with or greater than consumption rates pre-Covid since Q3/Q4 2022. The IEA, the US EIA and OPEC have forecast global oil demand to hover around 102m b/d in 2023. All three organisations also forecast consumption to increase in 2024 to 102.75–104.25m b/d. In the longer term, the IEA forecasts oil consumption to increase by an additional 2.6m b/d, reaching approximately 105.7m b/d, by 2029. Asia-Pacific will be the leader in oil demand growth to 2030, led by increased industrialisation and demand for refined and petrochemical products in developing nations. Refined product consumption Refined product demand is forecast to increase over the next several yea

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25 July 2025
Mozambique’s insurgency continues, but the security situation near the LNG site has significantly improved, with TotalEnergies aiming to lift its force majeure within months
China creates two-tier oil dynamic
25 July 2025
There is a bifurcation in the global oil market as China’s stockpiling contrasts with reduced inventories elsewhere
Trump’s Russia threat rings hollow
24 July 2025
The reaction to proposed sanctions on Russian oil buyers has been muted, suggesting trader fatigue with Trump’s frequent bold and erratic threats
US oil sector faces complicated path
24 July 2025
Trump energy policies and changing consumer trends to upend oil supply and demand

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