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Venezuela mismanaged its oil, and US shale benefitted
Chavez’s socialist reforms boosted state control but pushed knowledge and capital out of the sector, opening the way for the US shale revolution
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OPEC headquarters in Vienna
Opinion
Markets China Opec US
Paul Hickin,
Editor-in-chief
London
2 December 2025
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Letter from London: Oil’s golden triangle

The interplay between OPEC+, China and the US will define oil markets throughout 2026

In recent years, oil watchers pointed to OPEC+ providing a de facto price floor and US shale a tentative price ceiling. The Vienna-headquartered group seemed keen to defend $70/bl Brent through production cuts in the name of market stability, while prices well above $80/bl seem to spark a fracking bonanza and start to signal demand destruction. That dynamic ended in the summer of 2025 and was replaced by a new set of unwritten rules: oil’s golden triangle. OPEC+ is no stranger to pre-emptive moves. When the alliance’s eight voluntary producers decided to gradually unwind a specific tranche of 2.2m b/d of production cuts, which had been in place since late 2023, many warned of an impending gl

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